Seborrheic Dermatitis:
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition which affects infants before 3 months of age.
It is caused by hyperactive oil glands due to circulating maternal hormones after birth. A natural yeast called Malassezia (Pityrosporum) grows in the increased oily secretion, resulting in inflammation (redness) and overproduction of skin cells (scaling).
Infants usually outgrow this condition by 6 to 12 months of age. Some babies with seborrhoeic dermatitis will develop atopic dermatitis (eczema), especially if there is a family history of eczema, allergic rhinitis (sensitive nose) or asthma
Neonatal Acne:
Neonatal acne is quite common and affects babies. It appears when the baby is a few weeks to a few months old. It occurs as a result of maternal hormonal stimulation of hyperactive sebaceous (oil-secreting) glands.
Diaper Dermatitis:
Diaper dermatitis, or diaper rash is a skin condition where the skin covered by diapers develops a rash.
It is one of the most common skin problems in infants and young children. Most infants develop diaper dermatitis at some stage, most commonly between 9 and 12 months. Most cases of diaper dermatitis are transient and resolve with regular diaper change and use of barrier creams.v
Diaper dermatitis occurs due to several different factors. The most common cause is irritation by urine and stools, especially if the baby has loose stools or diarrhoea, or the diapers are not changed frequently. Tight fitting diapers can cause friction over the folds of the groin area. Secondary infection with bacteria and candida yeast is also common in the groin area.
Some skin conditions e.g. seborrheic dermatitis or atopic dermatitis can affect the diaper area. These can be worsened by the factors mentioned above.
Neonatal acne occurs on the face, especially the cheeks and forehead but can also be seen on the scalp, upper chest and back. Small red bumps, sometimes with pus are usually seen. Sometimes there are black heads and white heads
The skin in the diaper area becomes red. If severe, erosions may develop. If caused by irritation from stools and urine, usually the convex surfaces of the diaper area are affected. If caused by tight-fitting diapers, the folds are usually affected. If there is secondary fungal infection, “satellite” lesions and small pustules are seen. If there is secondary bacterial infection, the skin can become oozy and crusty.
Frequent diaper change can reduce contact between the skin and urine or stools.
Clean the skin in the diaper area gently and carefully. Dry by patting with a soft towel instead of rubbing the delicate skin.
Gentle cleansing with warm water and a soft cloth is usually sufficient.
If soap is desired, a mild, fragrance-free soap substitute or bath oil is recommended. If baby wipes are used, choose a brand that is alcohol and fragrance-free. Baby wipes are not recommended if the skin becomes irritated or develops open sores.
Dried stools can be loosened with mineral oil applied to a cotton ball.
Scalp:
Rest of body:
Neonatal acne is usually self-limiting, and will resolve after 3-6 months of age. Neonatal acne does not scar.
Treatment is usually not necessary except in patients with extensive lesions.
In rare cases where the condition persists beyond 6 months of age, further investigations may be necessary to exclude other medical causes. This will be reviewed and decided by your physician.
Frequent diaper changes or leaving the child out of diapers for short periods of time would be helpful.
Gentle cleansing with tepid or warm water, and a soft cloth. If soap is desired, a mild, fragrance-free soap substitute or bath oil is recommended.
Apply a moisturiser or a barrier cream to the skin before each diaper change.
Ensure the diaper area is air dried completely before putting on the diaper.
If the skin is very inflamed or red, a mild topical steroid will be prescribed.
If candida yeast is suspected, a topical anti-fungal cream may be prescribed.
If secondary bacterial infection is suspected, topical antibiotics or a course of oral antibiotics for 5 to 7 days is prescribed. The information above is also available for download in pdf format.
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