Bladder Cancer Surgery

Bladder cancer is closely associated with the following risk factors :

• Contact with certain chemicals that predispose to cancer formation. This may occur through :
• Occupational contact with aniline dyes in rubber, textile, paint, leather, metal and hair dye
• Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide
• Chronic intake of certain Chinese herbs and painkillers especially phenacetin
• Smoking
• Pelvic radiation from untreated bladder stones, long-term indwelling catheter or infection by a specific bladder parasite.
• Chronic bladder inflammation from untreated bladder stones, long-term indwelling catheter or infection by a specific bladder parasite.



There are three subtypes of bladder cancer :

• Transitional cell or urothelial carcinoma. Cancer that derives from transitional cells in the innermost tissue layer of the bladder. This is the most common cell type.
• Squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer that develops from squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that may form in the bladder after long-term infection or irritation.
• Adenocarcinoma. Cancer that arises from glandular (secretory) cells that may form in the bladder after long-term irritation and inflammation.