Paliperidone

What is Paliperidone for?

Paliperidone belongs to a class of medications known as atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics. It is used to treat and prevent the return of symptoms in Schizophrenia and other mental health related conditions such as:

• Hearing, seeing or sensing things that are not real
• Having mistaken beliefs
• Being overly suspicious
• Uncontrolled anger

Paliperidone may be used for other conditions. Check with your healthcare professional if you are unsure why you are given this medication.

How should I take or use Paliperidone?

For Paliperidone ER (extended-release) tablet:

• Take your medication according to the instructions stated on the medication label.
• Paliperidone may be taken with or without food. Swallow the tablets whole. Do not break, cut, crush or chew the tablet.
• Do not be concerned if you notice the tablet shell in the stools sometimes. This is because our body is unable to dissolve the empty tablet shell after the medication has been absorbed by the body.
• Do not stop taking or adjust the dose of this medication without checking with your doctor.
• Paliperidone needs to be taken regularly for a few weeks before you can feel its full benefits. You should not stop taking this medication even if you do not feel better at the beginning. Continue to take this medication even after you feel better to prevent your symptoms from returning.
• Do check with your doctor on how long you will have to be on this medication.

For Paliperidone depot injection:

• It is injected into your upper arm or buttocks.

What should I do if I forget to take or use Paliperidone?

For Paliperidone ER (extended-release) tablet:

• If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if more than half of the time to the next dose has passed, skip the missed dose and take the next dose at your usual timing.
• For example, for a medication to be taken two times daily at 8am and 8pm, and you missed your first dose at 8am, skip the first dose if it is after 2pm, and take your second dose at the usual timing at 8pm. Do not take two doses to make up for the missed dose.

For Paliperidone depot injection:

Please call up your doctor to arrange for an appointment visit.

What precautions should I take when taking or using Paliperidone?

Inform your healthcare professional if:

• You are allergic to this medication or any of the other ingredients of this medication
• You are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. If you are pregnant and/or breastfeeding, your doctor would have discussed the potential benefits and side effects with you and should you have further questions or concerns, do consult your doctor.
• You are taking any other medications (including those that can be bought without a prescription), supplements, traditional Chinese medicine and herbal products. Some of them may affect how this medication works or cause serious drug interactions.
• You have diabetes. Paliperidone may sometimes worsen blood sugar control in diabetes. Maintain regular check-ups with your doctor.
• You have or have ever had:
  • Other drug allergies
  • Medical conditions such as:
    • Kidney disease, serious pre-existing stomach or intestinal narrowing or other related disorders, difficulty swallowing, irregular heartbeat or other heart problems, stroke
    • High or low blood pressure, high cholesterol/fats in the blood, history of blood clots, seizures (fits), dementia, Parkinson’s disease

What food or medication should I avoid when I take or use Paliperidone?

Avoid drinking alcohol while taking Paliperidone as it can cause excessive sleepiness.

What are some common side effects of Paliperidone?

The mentioned side effects generally affect up to 10% of patients.

• Drowsiness or feeling tired
  • Avoid driving or taking part in activities that require concentration
  • Discuss with your doctor if you can take your medication at a different time of the day
• Nausea, vomiting
  • Take the medication with or after food
  • Take small but more frequent meals, and avoid fatty or spicy food
• Constipation
  • Drink more water (if you do not have any fluid restriction), eat more high-fibre foods, and exercise regularly
  • Speak to your doctor or pharmacist if you need medication to help with your constipation
• Dizziness
  • Get up slowly from a sitting or lying down position
• Increase in appetite, weight gain
  • Exercise regularly and eat a healthy and balanced diet
• Muscle movement side effects (extrapyramidal side effects) – do speak to your doctor for further management. Examples include:
  • Muscle stiffness and spasms (such as in the face, neck and back), difficulty in speaking or swallowing, twitching, or upward rolling of eyes (symptoms of dystonia)
  • Restlessness or need to keep moving constantly (akathisia)
  • Uncontrollable shaking of limbs (tremors)
• Increased salivation
• Increased prolactin hormone in the body (hyperprolactinemia):
  • This may result in changes in menstrual cycle in females (irregular or stopping of menstrual periods) and/or abnormal breast swelling, soreness or secretion (in both men and women)
  • Speak to your doctor for further management
• Headache
• Mild pain, itchiness, redness or swelling at the injection site (For Paliperidone injection only)

Most of the side effects listed here will improve with time. Speak with your doctor if any of them continues, worsens or affects your daily life.

What are some rare but serious side effects that I need to seek medical advice immediately?

The symptoms of a drug allergy include one or more of the following:

• Swollen face/eyes/lips/tongue
• Difficulty in breathing
• Itchy skin rashes over your whole body

Rarely this medication may cause:

• Seizures (fits)
• Confusion, high fever, severe muscle stiffness, irregular blood pressure (signs and symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
• Uncontrollable movements (such as in the face, tongue, jaw or other parts of the body) (tardive dyskinesia)
• Blurred vision
• Difficulty controlling or passing urine (urinary incontinence or retention)
• Fast or irregular heartbeat, fainting episodes (signs and symptoms of an abnormal heart beating rhythm (prolonged QTc interval))
• Fever, chills, sore throat and/or mouth ulcers that do not go away (symptoms of blood dyscrasias)
• Severe chest pain, difficulty breathing, or severe pain or swelling in either of the legs (symptoms of venous thromboembolism)
• Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arms or legs, and speech or vision problems (signs and symptoms of stroke)
• Excessive hunger, unusual increase in thirst or passing large amount of urine (symptoms of high blood sugar)

If you experience any of these symptoms, you should stop your medication and see your healthcare professional immediately.

How should I store Paliperidone?

Store in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight. Keep this medication away from children.

How do I throw away Paliperidone safely?

For Paliperidone ER (extended-release) tablet:

Pack this medication into a trash bag and seal it tightly before throwing into the rubbish chute or bin.

For Paliperidone depot injection:

If used at home, you may throw this injection away along with the used needles, into a metal tin, or glass jar or thick plastic container (e.g. detergent bottles) before throwing into the rubbish chute or bin to prevent any needle stick injury.