The older adult population is heterogeneous. The concept of frailty has gained traction as an indicator of vulnerability and risk for adverse health outcomes. In moving away from a disease-focused approach and frailty, the construct of intrinsic capacity has been proposed as a representation of all physical and mental capacities an individual can draw upon to maintain functional ability. In this track, we will take a complementary perspective on the concepts of intrinsic capacity, its interaction with the environment, and the still malleable state of frailty to support healthy ageing. Both frailty and intrinsic capacity are multi-dimensional and their operationalisation will be explored to facilitate clinical translation.