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Medical Conditions and Treatments
Welcome to the Singapore Health Services - SingHealth "Health Glossary", a listing of useful information on key health and medical conditions and treatments. A treasure trove of useful information from our experts, this is your trusted guide to safeguarding your health and your family's.
You will find information on various health conditions and medical treatments as well as surgery treatment options, sourced from the our Hospitals - Singapore General Hospital, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Changi General Hospital - and National Speciality Centres for Cancer, Heart, Neuroscience, Eye and Dental - across the SingHealth group. From overviews of the health condition, to disease risk factors, signs and symptoms , preventive steps, treatment options as well as how to manage your health condition at home, we hope you find the write-ups useful.
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Abdominal PainAll of us will experience abdominal pain of greater or lesser severity at some time or other. In most instances these pains are mild, transient and not important. Read more on causes, symptoms and treatment options. Acoustic Neuroma (Acoustic Schwannoma)An acoustic schwannoma (also called vestibular schwannoma, acoustic neuroma or neurinoma) is a non-cancerous growth that arises from the eighth cranial nerve. Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (ALTB) or CroupCroup or Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (ALTB) is a viral infection of the throat (upper airway). The virus causes swelling of the voice box (larynx) and windpipe (trachea). The swelling narrows the airway and makes breathing hard. Adult HydrocephalusHydrocephalus is a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up within the ventricles (fluid-containing cavities) of the brain. Anal Abscess Anal FistulaAn anal abscess is an infected cavity filled with pus found near the anus or rectum. If the skin over the abscess breaks, pus may discharge out. Many people may confuse this with hemorrhoids (piles).
Aphthous ulcerAphthous ulcers are a type of ulcers that appear within the mouth in the form of open sores. These sores are usually painful and recurrent. Arteriovenous MalformationAn AVM is a congenital lesions which comprises an abnormal collection of blood vessels, where arterial blood flows directly into the draining veins without the normally intervening capillaries. Autistic Spectrum Disorder (Child)Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder of the central nervous system, which often first appears as delayed speech around 18 months of age. The disorder exists at birth and can usually be reliably diagnosed by the age of three. Blepharitis (Eye Sty)Blepharitis also known as eye sty is a chronic inflammatory condition of the eyelid margin. It is often bacterial in origin. Brain Tumour BiopsyIn some brain cancer cases, removal of some tumour tissue (biopsy) to confirm its nature and its suitability for further treatment (radiation therapy, chemotherapy) may be all that can be done. Brain TumoursA brain tumour is an abnormal growth of cells inside the skull. Bronchiolitis (Child)Bronchiolitis is a common viral chest infection in infants, commonly affecting babies less than six months old. It can sometimes occur in children up to one year old. Bronchiolitis is contagious and spread from person to person. Carotid EndarterectomyCarotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure performed to reduce the risk of stroke. It can therefore help prevent an ischaemic stroke in certain patients with carotid artery stenosis. Carpal Tunnel SyndromeCarpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) refers to the compression of the median nerve at the wrist in a structure called the carpal tunnel. Read more about symptoms and treatment options. Cataracts - Singapore Health ServicesCataracts is a condition in which the clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy, preventing sufficient light rays from entering the eye and impairing vision. Cerebral AneurysmA cerebral (brain) aneurysm is a bulging or ballooning out of a part of a blood vessel wall due to a weak point in the latter’s wall. As the aneurysm grows, the vessel wall becomes thinner and weaker. Cervical SpondylosisCervical spine is made up of bones (vertebraes) with cushions (discs) between them. As we grow older, the bones and the discs will degenerate. CholesterolCholesterol
and Your Heart
Reducing blood cholesterol level Chronic Back PainBack pain is considered chronic if it has been present for more than 3 months. Chronic back pain can be experienced from the neck to lower spine and it can either be localised or radiates into the lower limbs. Clubfoot (Child)Clubfoot is a congenital condition where the forefoot (part of the foot connected to the lower leg bone) is abnormally twisted relative to the lower leg bone. Decompressive CraniectomyDecompressive craniectomy is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of severe head injury. DementiaDementia is the medical term used to describe a group of symptoms consisting of memory loss, impaired judgement, disorientation and behavioral changes, which are of sufficient severity to cause loss of function. Dry EyesDry eyes occurs when the glands around the eyes produce too little tears on its surface to maintain adequate lubrication and protection. Ear Infections (Child)Ear infections are common in young children. The infection may involve the outer ear (otitis externa) or middle ear (otitis media). EntropionEntropion describes the rolling inward of the lid margin towards the eye. Read more on causes, symptoms and treatment options available in SNEC. External Ventricular Drain (EVD)An External Ventricular Drainage (EVD) is the temporary drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the fluid filled cavities of the brain (lateral ventricles) to a closed collection system outside the body. FloatersFloaters is a condition that refers to the "flying flies" or "dots" that are sometimes seen moving in a person’s field of vision. GlaucomaGlaucoma is an eye disease where the fluid pressure within the eyeball is too high and damages the optic nerve, leading to tunnel vision and even blindness. Head InjuryTraumatic brain injury, or more commonly called "head injury", is a broad term that describes a variety of injuries and damages to the scalp, skull, brain and underlying tissue and blood vessels in the head. Headache in ChildrenHeadaches occur in over 90% of school-age children and are generally not serious. It is a common symptom and in most cases, the causes are simple. It may be due to a lack of sleep, hunger or even anxiety before an exam. HeadachesHeadaches may be one of the most common medical complaints. Almost everyone gets a headache now and then. For most people, a headache is an infrequent annoyance that comes and goes. Hypothyroidism (Child)Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the body lacks enough thyroid hormone. Normal thyroid hormone levels are important for proper growth and development. Intracerebral HemorrhageAn intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a blood clot that forms within the brain tissue due to a rupture of small artery. Intracranial Pressure MonitorAn acoustic schwannoma (also called vestibular schwannoma, acoustic neuroma or neurinoma) is a non-cancerous growth that arises from the eighth cranial nerve. Jaundice (Baby)Jaundice (also known as neonatal jaundice) is the yellow discoloration of babies’ skin in the first week after they are born. It is due to the presence of a pigment called bilirubin that is produced when red blood cells break down. Lazy Eye (Amblyopia)Lazy eye or amblyopia is poor vision that results from interruption of normal visual development during the sensitive period in childhood.
Low Back PainLow back pain is very common. Most backaches are due to weakened and inflexible muscles and ligaments in the back, hips, thighs and abdomen. Lumbar Disc Replacement SurgeryAn artificial disc replacement (ADR) is a mechanical device or implant used to replace a diseased or damaged intervertebral disc. Lumbar Herniated DiscectomyDiscectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of herniated disc material that is pressing on a nerve root or spinal cord. Lumbar PunctureIt is a minor bedside procedure to collect a sample of fluid that surrounds the spinal cord (cerebrospinal fluid - CSF). A thin, hollow needle is inserted into your lower back and CSF is withdrawn. Metastatic Brain TumoursMetastatic brain tumours are cancers that grow in the brain through a primary cancer growing in another part of the body. The primary cancer may be lung, colon, breast, lymphoma, leukaemia etc. Muscle DiseasesMuscle diseases occur in all age groups and can cause serious physical disability. Their impact is especially severe when children and young adults are affected. The needs of these patients are numerous and complicated, and frequently not adequately met. Parkinson's Disease and Movement DisordersParkinson's Disease is the 2nd most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. A recent study in Singapore showed that Parkinson's disease occurs as commonly as in the West. Peripheral NeuropathyPeripheral neuropathy refers to diseases affecting the peripheral nervous system, which consists of motor or sensory neurons, nerve roots, plexuses and peripheral nerves. Pituitary TumoursThe pituitary gland is a small oval-shaped endocrine gland located at the base of the brain just behind the nose and below the optic nerve (the nerve which leads to the eye). PterygiumA pterygium is a reddish, triangular-shaped tissue that grows onto the cornea. Read on causes and treatment options available at SNEC. Ptosis (Droopy Eyelids)Ptosis is the medical term for drooping of the upper eyelid, which may affect one or both eyes. Sleep DisordersSleep disorders are sleep-related disturbances due to underlying medical problems, lifestyle and environmental factors which usually cause sleep disruption, leading to insufficient or poor quality sleep. Spine and Spinal DisordersThe spinal column is responsible for transmission of body weight from the head to the pelvis and protection of the spinal cord. Squint (Child)A squint occurs when one eye is straight and the other eye turns away from the straight position. Read more about causes and treatment options for squints at SNEC. Thyroid Eye DiseaseThyroid eye disease (TED) is an eye condition related to thyroid disease. Read more on causes, symptoms and treatment options available at SNEC. Trigeminal Neuralgia (Facial Pain)Trigeminal neuralgia (facial pain) is characterised by brief episodes of intense, stabbing, electric shock-like facial pain. These episodes occur spontaneously or can be triggered by light touch, chewing, or changes in temperature. UveitisUveitis refers to Inflammation inside the eye, more specifically the middle of three layers of tissue of the eye called the uvea. Ventricular Peritoneal (VP) ShuntShunting, also called ventriculo-peritoneal shunting, is necessary in order to drain the excess fluid and relieve pressure in the brain |
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