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The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. They are found in the pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus (womb). Each ovary has an outer covering made up of epithelial cells. Inside the ovaries are germ (primitive) cells which will eventually mature into eggs (ova). Ovarian cancer occurs when cells grow in an uncontrolled, abnormal manner and produce tumours in one or both ovaries. Ovarian cancer is the 4th most common cancer affecting women in Singapore.


Risk Factors
1. A family history of ovarian cancer
   
Eg. mother, sister or grandmother
2. A history of breast cancer
3. A history of colorectal cancer
4. Age above 50 years old
5. Infertility or not having children until late in life
6. Early menstruation before the age of 12
7. Late menopause
8. A high fat diet

Signs & Symptoms
1. A bloated feeling in the abdomen
2. Swelling of the abdomen
3. Abdominal discomfort
4. Change in bowel habits
5. Rapid or unexplained weight loss
6. Backache or pain in the legs

The signs and symptoms of early ovarian cancer are usually non-specific. Sometimes, it may not present with any symptoms.

These symptoms may be caused by a number of problems and may not indicate the presence of cancer, but if any of the above symptoms persists or is bothering you, do consult your doctor for advice.

Screening

Consultation

Treatment

Screening for ovarian cancer is currently not recommended.

You can seek consultation at the following institutions:
§National Cancer Centre
§Changi General Hospital
§KK Women's & Children's Hospital
§Singapore GeneralHospital

Treatment options for ovarian cancer include surgery, ranging from a unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy and involves chemotherapy and radiation therapy.